Rates of change in the numbers of dunlin, Calidris alpina, wintering in British estuaries in relation to the spread of Spartina anglica. (2012). There are some studies that compared the genetic variation of S. alterniflora within and/or among populations between the region of origin (i.e. Supporting Spartina: interdisciplinary perspective shows Spartina as a distinct solid genus. Dlugosch, K. M., Parker, I. M. (2008). Reimagining South American coasts: unveiling the hidden invasion history of an iconic ecological engineer. 6.5 (Peakall and Smouse, 2012). The collected samples were naturally dried in our laboratory for genetic experiments. (2011). The g values of Japanese S. alterniflora populations, excluding the Shirakawa, lay within 0.80 to 1.00, almost equivalent to those in China (g = 0.77 ± 0.39) and the introduced in Willapa Bay (the Pacific coast of the U.S.) (g = 0.95). 101 (38), 13804–13807. BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data. Haplotype C4 has been identified as widespread in the Atlantic coast of the U.S., especially around the Florida Peninsula. Figure 3 Results of a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of Spartina alterniflora local populations in Japan based on co-dominant genotypic distances. In addition, the genetic characterization of a population is largely associated with the ability of distribution expansion (Lee, 2002). Spartina versicolor Fabre: Another case of Spartina trans-Atlantic introduction? Generally, it is assumed that invasive species have a low intra-population genetic diversity but have a high inter-population genetic differentiation in introduced ranges compared with those of the region of its origin, which is known as “the founder effect” (Brown and Marshall, 1981). Accordingly, Spartina anglica C.E. The authors also wish to thank Moe Nakagawa, Ryu Ikeda, Kota Kohara and Yoshinori Taruma (Kindai University) for helping with S. alterniflora sampling. Ecol. Three case studies for control of invasive alien ant species, fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, Formicidae) in Japan. Available at: https://www.env.go.jp/nature/intro/2outline/files/siteisyu_list_e.pdf (Accessed April 16, 2020). 68 (1), 6–9. The threat of invasive alien species to biological diversity: setting a future course. (2004). doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01081.x. We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in the US (native range). It should be noted that no information has been reported on S. alterniflora populations with such low genetic diversity so far (Blum et al., 2007; Bernik et al., 2016). What is the best way to report the occurrence of an invasive species? The datasets generated for this study can be found in the DNA Data Bank of JAPAN (DDJB), accession number: LC565815. In this study, we assumed that countries or regions having high trade with Japan would be likely to become donor spots for spreading the invasive S. alterniflora irrespective of intentional/unintentional pathways as mentioned before. It can hybridize with other spartina species. We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr. Chinese … J. Hered. The gene diversity (h), allelic richness (AR), and coefficient of inbreeding (FIS), and its confidence intervals were calculated using FSTAT ver. Mol. The coverage of S. alterniflora in China was approximately 260 ha in 1985 (Chung, 1989) and then increased to more than 430 times (112,000 ha) in just 15 years (An et al., 2007) due to escaping from the introduced areas. J. Jap. Knowledge of the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks and their profile distribution is limited in coastal salt marshes, which are referred as important “blue carbon” ecosystems. Mol. In Aichi Prefecture, 27 samples (i.e., one individual per colony) were collected from multiple colonies along and around the Umeda River (N34° 42′, E 137° 18′) facing the Mikawa Bay. doi: 10.1007/s10750-014-2117-9, Hayasaka, D., Fujiwara, S., Uchida, T. (2018). (2016). doi: 10.1073/pnas.0405230101. In this study, SPR3 was excluded from the analysis because no polymorphisms were detected across Japan’s local populations. Invasive Species: Spartina alterniflora, Smooth Cordgrass. We thank Dr. Francisco Sánchez-Bayo (The University of Sydney), Dr. Jean Beran Tanangonan, and Robert John Sheridan (Kindai University) for English editing of the original manuscript. Impacts of invasive Iris pseudacorus L. (yellow flag) establishing in an abandoned urban pond on native semi-wetland vegetation. Introduction to conservation genetics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge university press). Plant Sci., 07 September 2020 doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00592.x. STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. Richardson, D. M. (2011). Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Benthic macrofaunal communities of three sites in San Francisco Bay invaded by hybrid Spartina, with comparison to uninvaded habitats. Xu, G. W., Zhou, R. Z. Mol. Wetlands 35 (3), 547–556. Ecol. Mar. J. Hered. A., West, C. J. brevifolius in the Minjiang River estuarine wetlands Tamaoki, M., Takizaki, Y. Oxygen loss from Spartina alterniflora and its relationship to salt marsh oxygen balance. An invasive variety of Phragmites australis (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). Many empirical and theoretical studies on biological invasions have been conducted on various taxonomic groups for resolving this worldwide concern (Lee, 2002). Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102 China. The plant invasion dramatically inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi, which may facilitate the expansion of invasive plants in the intertidal habitats. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas – Plant Conservation Alliance, Invasive Spartina Project – California Coastal Conservancy, Plant Info and Images – University of Florida, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Plant Profiles – California Invasive Plant Council, Alaska Natural Heritage Program – University of Alaska, Anchorage, Fire Effects Information System – USDA Forest Service, Marine Invasive Species – National Park Service. The value of g indicates the rate of the individuals with duplicate clones removed in each local population. 6.5 and then evaluated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) (Peakall and Smouse, 2012). On the other hand, populations of this species in the San Francisco Bay, California, and China, which were introduced intentionally, had a relatively high genetic diversity (Blum et al., 2007; Bernik et al., 2016). Invasive cordgrass modifies wetland trophic function. Phenotypic and genetic differentiation between native and introduced plant populations. (2012). Environmental weeds in Australia and New Zealand: issues and approaches to managemen. “Ecological engineering of coastline with salt marsh plantations,” in Ecological Engineering: An Introduction to Eco-Technology. The microsatellite analysis showed that the mean value for genetic diversity of Japanese S. alterniflora samples were as follows; the Umeda River (h = 0.34, AR = 1.34 ± 0.22), Tsuboi River (h = 0.24, AR = 1.24 ± 0.24), and Oono River (h = 0.39, AR = 1.39 ± 0.20). (2001). Population genetic software for teaching and research—an update. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03538.x, Earl, D. A., von Holdt, B. M. (2012). Three of the invasive Spartina. Ecol. Seed of … Provan, J., Murphy, S., Maggs, C. A. However, the reason why S. alterniflora simultaneously invaded two prefectures that are geographically more than 650 km apart remains unclear. Figure 2 Frequency and distribution of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes in the region of origin (the eastern Unites States) and in the regions where Spartina alterniflora had been introduced intentionally and/or unintentionally (the Pacific coast of the U.S. and the East Asian countries). comm., 2005) . Smooth cordgrass is a perennial grass that is native to the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America but is invasive along the Pacific Coast. Phylogeography, haplotype trees, and invasive plant species. Furthermore, given that ports that trade with China are all over Japan, the strengthening of shared information networks on introduced species between each region/port would lead to minimize their biological invasion risks. Smooth cordgrass was introduced on the West Coast in the early 1970s to be used as erosion control. The proportions for Axis 1 and Axis 2 were 41.2% and 23.3%, respectively. Ecol. Among the three regions, trading between the ports of northern Kumamoto and the U.S. was obviously lower than trading with China. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Therefore, these facts indicate that the founder effect might have occurred in S. alterniflora populations in Japan. Characterization of microsatellite loci in Spartina species (Poaceae). Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., Kumar, S. (2013). Eng. Lowe, A., Harris, S., Ashton, P. (2004). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01764.x, Bortolus, A., Carlton, J. T., Schwindt, E. (2015). The temperature conditions of Blum et al. Spartina alterniflora samples (leaf fragments) were collected from the populations which were introduced into Aichi and Kumamoto Prefectures (Figure 1). Glob. Invasive Plant Sci. 47 (3), 183–191. Hubbard has been designated among the 100 worst’s most damaging invasive species in the world (Lowe et al., 2000), and all Spartina species including S. alterniflora have been declared “designated invasive alien species” on the Act on the Prevention of Adverse Ecological Impacts Caused by Designated Invasive Alien Species of Japan in 2014 (Ministry of the Environment, Japan, 2005). Special thanks to the Ministry of the Environment, Japan for permission to cultivation of invasive Spartina alterniflora in our laboratory (permit number 15000055). Nucleic Acids Res. Change Biol. Taxonomy: Scientific and Common Names for This Species, Native Spartina Species Resemble Smooth Cordgrass, Additional Information, Biology, Control and Management Resources, Terrestrial (land-dwelling) invasive species, Aquatic (Water-Dwelling) Invasive Species, Public Outreach and Education Materials (Invasive species), How to report an invasive species sighting to EDDMapS, United States Land-Grant University System, Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas. (1991). PDF | Spartina alterniflora is one of the most noxious invasive plants in China and many other regions. YM and DH drafted the paper with the input of NN. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00559.x, Baumel, A., Rousseau-Guentin, M., Sapienza-Bianchi, C., Gareil, A., Duong, N., Rousseau, H., et al. Conserv. (Poaceae), native to the eastern United States, was introduced unintentionally into Japan (Aichi and Kumamoto Prefectures) at around 2010. Invasion risk in a warmer world: modeling range expansion and habitat preferences of three nonnative aquatic invasive plants. Invasions 18, 2123–2135. Lombaert, E., Guillemaud, T., Cornuet, J.-M., Malausa, T., Facon, B., Estoup, A. Mitsch, W. J., Jorgensen, S. A. For this purpose, it is essential to continue monitoring areas where S. alterniflora has already invaded. In Japan, Spartina alterniflora Loisel (smooth cordgrass), a plant native to the Atlantic coast of North America and the Gulf of Mexico, was first detected in 2008 in Aichi Prefecture and in 2009 in Kumamoto Prefecture, followed by identification in multiple rivers and tidal flats in both prefectures (i.e., unintentional introduction) (Tamaoki and Takizaki, 2015). If you will use chemicals as part of the control process, always refer to the product label. doi: 10.1007/s10530-016-1085-6, Saltonstall, K. (2002). MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Rev. This value indicates the rate of genetic loci with polymorphisms compared to all the genetic loci for each local population. Morgan, V. H., Systma, M. (2010). Therefore, a prompt strengthening of reliable detection/monitoring systems on Spartina introductions and the subsequent elimination within its narrow and restricted populations are important, given the costs of the quarantine system. For example, Euspira fortune Reeve is a predatory sea snail that was unintentionally introduced in tidal flats and estuaries of Japan, including the Ariake Sea (Kumamoto) and Mikawa Bay (Aichi), when young Ruditapes philippinarum Adams and Reeve shellfish were imported (Okoshi, 2007). Current status and environmental effects of Spartina spp. (2019). For example, the close relationship between the genotype diversity and invasive capability of a species was indicated by Wang et al. Ecological Genetics: Design, Analysis, and Application (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing). doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02554-5, Levin, L. A., Neira, C., Grosholz, E. D. (2006). (2.5 to 20 cm) wide and are often purplish at the base. Spartina invasion in China: implications for invasive species management and future research. Copyright © 2020 Maebara, Tamaoki, Iguchi, Nakahama, Hanai, Nishino and Hayasaka. International trade serves as one of the driving factors for the widespread invasion of the invasive species (Elton, 1958; Lockwood et al., 2007; Davis, 2009; Richardson, 2011). The findings revealed that when compared the amount of trade between the Yatsushiro Port (southern Kumamoto), which includes the Oono River and the U.S. ($51,869,672–$131,308,447) and the East Asian countries (China: $62,434,491–$106,800,742; Taiwan: $6,504–$13,843,516; Hong Kong: $0–$22,622), differences in the trade value with both countries were similar and/or slightly higher in the East Asian countries. However, there were noticeable differences in the trade value with the U.S. ($462,727–$3,452,366) and the East Asian countries (China: $21,693,372–$42,572,609; Taiwan: $78,947–$927,914; Hong Kong: $42,081–$657,448) at Kumamoto Port (northern Kumamoto) which includes the Shirakawa and Tsuboi Rivers, indicating that the value with the East Asian countries was markedly higher than that with the U.S. 10.1111/J.1365-2486.2011.02636.X, Qiao, S., Uchida, T., Cornuet, J.-M. ( 1999 ) suggested Wilcoxon... Is also important that S. alterniflora is native to the article and approved the submitted version to... Pritchard et al., 1994 ) alterniflora genome among the 11 microsatellite markers no! Attribution License ( CC by ) historical records and contemporary remote sensing clearly! Distances in each Japanese population were calculated using GenAlEx ver risk in a subtropical wetland, Holdt. And future research, M. D., Moser, M. E. ( 2012.. 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