Banks still perceive small and medium commercial lending as risky, and some banks are inexperienced with assessing credit risk, though the situation is improving. The Dec. 2011 parliamentary elections sparked protests, mainly from middle-class Russians. In Sept. 2004, Russia endorsed the Kyoto Protocol on climate change. He pushed Russian eastward with his conquests but his later reign was marked by the cruelty that earned him his familiar epithet. The height of the protests came on Dec. 10, when over 40,000 Russians rallied near the Kremlin. Meanwhile, the United States made diplomatic moves to prevent Snowden from receiving permanent asylum in Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, the three Latin American governments that have stated they would take him. A destination and transit country for trafficked women from countries of the former Soviet Union. The opening ceremony was mostly glitch free, although one of the five floating Olympic rings failed to open. Ursan was one of 11 foreigners honored for their close ties with Russia. )Major Imports: Machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steelImport Partners: China 21.6%, Germany 11%, US 6.3%, France 4.8%, Italy 4.4%, Belarus 4.3% (2016), Agricultural Products: Grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables, fruits; beef, milkMajor Industries: Complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts, Natural Resources: Wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, reserves of rare earth elements, timber. Two days later, two explosions killed 12 people in the north Caucasus region of Dagestan. After the war, the Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, and France divided Berlin and Germany into four zones of occupation, which led to immediate antagonism between the Soviet and Western powers, culminating in the Berlin blockade in 1948. Be up-to-date on all vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Navalny, a leader of the anti-Putin protest movement which began in Dec. 2011, was found guilty of embezzlement and faced five to 10 years in prison. The Russian Empire began shortly after the end of the Time of Troubles. Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility. The Bolshoi Theater is one of the most famous performance halls in the entire world. Yuri V. Andropov, who had formerly headed the KGB, became his successor but died less than two years later, in Feb. 1984. During 2003, there were 11 bomb attacks against Russia that were believed to have been orchestrated by Chechen rebels. Unlike in Novgorod, most of Russia fell under the rule of the khans, first Mongol and later Turkic. He failed to reach the Baltic Sea, but he did conquer several neighboring Khanates; this would be the inception of Russia's historic Tatar Muslim population. Peter created Western-style military forces, subordinated the Russian Orthodox Church hierarchy to the tsar, reformed the entire governmental structure, and established the beginnings of a Western-style education system. United Russia, the party led by Putin, came out on top in the elections, receiving nearly 50 percent of the vote, but they lost 77 seats. Thailand is recognized as a key destination for human trafficking in the Mekong region, in addition to being a source and transit country for forced labour and sex trafficking. For the common person this meant there was no incentive to abide the occupation, and plenty of reason to resent it. Its economy failed to compete with those of Western countries. In the 1930s, Stalin oversaw the forced collectivization of tens of millions of its citizens in state agricultural and industrial enterprises. Over the past several years Russia has increased its international profile, played an increasing role in regional issues, and been more assertive in dealing with its neighbors. Many readers will be acquainted with Russian handicrafts from the Fabergé Eggs to the humble matryoshka (also known as the Russian nesting doll). Four days later, 10,000 protesters took to the Moscow streets in response to the new law. Their new state would be called the Kievan Rus, and is the earliest antecedent to the countries of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Such conditions continue to encourage draft evasion and efforts to delay military service. Despite this, the Russian government still plays a major role in directing the country's economy. Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. Despite the controversies and terror threats, the Sochi Games were incident free and considered a success. This would all come to an end with Yaroslav's death in 1054, as regional powers began to rise up in opposition. In response, President Obama canceled a planned summit meeting with Putin which was to be held in Moscow in September. To the surprise of many, the president and his shock-therapy program won by a resounding margin. Stalin sent millions of Soviets who did not conform to the Stalinist ideal to forced-labor camps, and he persecuted his country's vast number of ethnic groups—reserving particular vitriol for Jews and Ukrainians. On Oct. 10, 2012, a court in Moscow freed one of the three members of Pussy Riot, the punk band convicted of hooliganism for protesting in a cathedral last February. 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