Vinyl Chloride, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 100F. There is sufficient evidence that vinyl chloride exposure causes angiosarcoma of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vinyl chloride (VC) is primarily used to manufacture polyvinyl chloride and can also be a degradation product of TCE. It is used in the plastics industry, often to produce PVC (polyvinyl chloride) ... VC is a known human carcinogen for which there is no safe exposure level (non-threshold carcinogen). Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC); PVC is used to make a variety of plastic products, including pipes, wire and cable coatings and packaging materials. 63. Vinyl chloride (VC) is a flammable and explosive colourless gas with a sweet odour. Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own, but promote the activity of other carcinogens in causing cancer. The main route of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride is by inhalation, which occurs primarily in vinyl chloride/PVC plants and in PVC-processing plants (including packaging, storage and handling of vinyl chloride). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010. Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas that burns easily. Together we can make a difference. 1978), which suggests that vinyl bromide’s greater carcinogenic potency may be related to kinetic differences in metabolism. Chronic exposure leads to common forms of respiratory failure ( emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis) and focused hepatotoxicity ( … Vinyl Chloride. PVC—polyvinyl chloride, or vinyl—is found in a range of products, from children's toys to building materials to food packaging. Vinyl chloride is classified as Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC, meaning it is seen as a definite cause of cancer in humans. Selected References: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Where risks occur The main route of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride is by inhalation, which occurs primarily in vinyl chloride/PVC plants and in PVC-processing plants (including packaging, storage and handling of vinyl chloride). There is much data to substantiate a causal association between exposure to vinyl chloride and a distinctive form of liver cancer (angiosarcoma). Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Vinyl chloride is a known human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). Vinyl chloride is used to make polyvinyl chloride, which is then used to manufacture a spectrum of … Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of vinyl chloride and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (j) of this section. Perform proper exposure measurements so it is known when actions should be taken. Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make PVC, a substance used in products such as pipes. It can also irritate the eyes, skin, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Vinyl Chloride (VC) is a proven human carcinogen and a major risk factor in many contaminated aquifers. Vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer (hepatic angiosarcoma), as well as brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia. Industries at risk are manufacture of industrial chemicals, plastic products, fabricated metal products or machinery. Some strains of obligate organohalide respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi can synthesize the VC reductase that catalyzes the dechlorination of VC to ethene. The U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration provides information about exposure limits to vinyl chloride. When present above the maximum concentration level (MCL) of 2 ppb, sites are unable to close and require continued remediation and monitoring. Here, we review … The primary target organ for vinyl chloride exposure is the liver (1, 2). Vinyl chloride is also produced as a combustion product in tobacco smoke. Inform workers about the risks, appropriate resistant clothing and equipment and obligated preventive measures. In the environment, the highest levels of vinyl chloride are found in air around factories that produce vinyl products. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has determined that vinyl chloride is a known carcinogen. The general population may be exposed by inhaling contaminated air or tobacco smoke. injection routes, with increaed incidences of liver tumors, pulmonary angiosarcomas, extrahepatic abdominal angiosarcomas, and tumors of the Zymbal gland … Vinyl chloride is a highly dangerous chemical used to make numerous plastic materials. It does not occur naturally and must be produced industrially for its commercial uses. Vinyl chloride has been found in the air near vinyl chloride manufacturing and processing plants, hazardous waste sites, and landfills. Children products including: water bottles, lunch boxes, toys, small chairs and tables, school bags and stationery items such as pencil boxes can contain some amounts of PVC. Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC); PVC is used to make a variety of plastic products, including pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Vinyl chloride is classified as a “known human carcinogen” by the NTP and the USEPA, and as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the IARC, with known target sites including the liver, lung, and connective tissues [19,109,112]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that vinyl chloride is carcinogenic to people, and EPA has determined that vinyl chloride is a human carcinogen. Vinyl chloride is also produced as a combustion product in tobacco smoke. Latency period between exposure and vinyl chloride related cancers varies strongly depending on the different types of cancer. Human carcinogen -- Vinyl Chloride: Vinyl Chloride is deemed to be carcinogenic to humans. Chronic exposure can cause permanent liver injury and liver cancer, neurologic or behavioral symptoms and changes to the skin and bones of the hand. It does not occur naturally and must be produced industrially for its commercial uses. Become a friend of the roadmap and stay up to date on activities, solutions and the news. EPA has classified vinyl chloride as a Group A, human carcinogen. or the Agency’s) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, published in 51 FR 33992, September 24, 1986 (U.S. EPA, 1986a) and the 1999 interim final guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1999a; see U.S. EPA 2001b). Make sure the right personal protective equipment and clothing is used, like safety goggles, chemical resistant clothing and gloves (chemical resistant or insulated) and respirators. Uses [of PolyVinyl Chloride] Most of the vinyl chloride produced in the United States is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a material used to manufacture a variety of plastic and vinyl products including pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Prolonged exposure can cause cancer in the liver, brain, blood and lungs. But also in occupations or services allied to transport and construction. Most often used in construction, PVC is a plastic composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and chlorine. of vinyl chloride, i.e., early exposures are associated with higher liver cancer incidence than similar or much longer exposures that occur after maturity. This toxic chemical is a known human carcinogen causing liver cancer, brain cancer and some cancers of the blood. Vinyl acetate 2B – – Vinyl bromide 2A – – Vinyl chloride 1 K Z Vinyl fluoride 2A RA – 2,6-Xylidine 2B – – Note: The list of TRI chemicals meeting the OSHA carcinogen standard and, therefore, not reported when in a mixture at a concentration level below the de minimus level of 0.1% has This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. The gene encoding the VC reductase, vcrA , is found on a mobile genetic element called the … Although the industries that use this chemical have known about the harmful effects of vinyl chloride for decades, it has only recently been identified as a known carcinogen. Vinyl bromide appears to be a more potent inducer of hepatic hemangiosarcoma in rats than is vinyl chloride. Public Health Statement: Vinyl Chloride. Vinyl Chloride is a known human carcinogen. Vinyl chloride Toxicological overview Key Points Kinetics and metabolism ... (IARC), vinlyl chloride is a recognised human carcinogen. Vinyl chloride, the chemical used to make PVC, is a known human carcinogen, according to the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Healthy Child Healthy World describes PVC as the most toxic plastic , and vinyl chloride, the chemical used to make PVC, has been described as a known carcinogen by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer. Instead, it is a manufactured substance produced by breaking down various other substances, gases, and chemicals. Vinyl chloride has also been associated with mammary (breast) cancer. Vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer (hepatic angiosarcoma), as well as brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia. EPA has classified vinyl chloride as a Group A, human carcinogen. Gene-environmentinteractions between DNA repair polymorphisms and exposure to the carcinogen vinyl chloride.Biomarkers 2009;14:148-55. exposure to vinyl chloride via inhalation, as vinyl chloride exposure has been shown to increase the risk of a rare form of liver cancer in humans. Lyon, France: World Health Organization, 2012. Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas that burns easily. Vinyl Chloride, NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Workers at facilities where vinyl chloride is produced or used may be exposed primarily through inhalation. The primary cause of Human carcinogen -- Vinyl Chloride is the result: at any time, from exposure to toxins, poisons, environmental, or other substances. (2) • EPA has classified vinyl chloride as a known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure. Vinyl chloride (VC) is a human carcinogen that accumulates in soil and groundwater due to incomplete dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. 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