> [9], Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia; in the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta attempted to prevent the reconstruction of the walls of Athens (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed. In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus. Athens and Sparta are the most well- known city-states of Ancient Greece. The delay allowed the Syracusans to send for help from Sparta, who sent their general Gylippus to Sicily with reinforcements. Syracuse, the principal city of Sicily, was not much smaller than Athens, and conquering all of Sicily would have brought Athens an immense amount of resources. Athens was renowned as a center of wisdom and learning. Tags: Question 14 . After arriving in Sicily, Alcibiades was recalled to Athens for trial. Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale. The location of Rm. << The Spartan strategy during the first war, known as the Archidamian War (431–421 BC) after Sparta's king Archidamus II, was to invade the land surrounding Athens. Following the defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, it was widely believed that the end of the Athenian Empire was at hand. An oligarchical revolution occurred in Athens, in which a group of 400 seized power. Sparta killed babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family. Athens vs Sparta Athens vs Sparta. Cavalry was limited to about 30 horses, which proved to be no match for the large and highly trained Syracusan cavalry. Between the two, there were similarities and differences. He prevented the Athenian fleet from attacking Athens; instead, he helped restore democracy by more subtle pressure. However, the Spartans announced their refusal to destroy a city that had done a good service at a time of greatest danger to Greece, and took Athens into their own system. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. For a time during this conflict, Athens controlled not only Megara but also Boeotia; at its end, however, in the face of a massive Spartan invasion of Attica, the Athenians ceded the lands they had won on the Greek mainland, and Athens and Sparta recognized each other's right to control their respective alliance systems. Facing starvation and disease from the prolonged siege, Athens surrendered in 404 BC,[2] and its allies soon surrendered as well. Rising to particular importance in Athenian democracy at this time was Cleon, a leader of the hawkish elements of the Athenian democracy. The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce. Seizing its opportunity, the Spartan fleet sailed at once to the Dardanelles, the source of Athens's grain. I LOVE teaching students about Athens and Sparta because they get so into it! 6 0 obj With winter approaching, the Athenians were then forced to withdraw into their quarters, and they spent the winter gathering allies and preparing to destroy Syracuse. By the middle of the century, the Persians had been driven from the Aegean and forced to cede control of a vast range of territories to Athens. << Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from the Achaemenid Empire, supported rebellions in Athens's subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens's empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. Each city-state is different, but they have more in common than one may think. This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. /BitsPerComponent 8 The post off Pylos struck Sparta where it was weakest: its dependence on the helots, who tended the fields while its citizens trained to become soldiers. Corinth and Syracuse were slow to bring their fleets into the Aegean, and Sparta's other allies were also slow to furnish troops or ships. Upon arriving, he raised up a force from several Sicilian cities, and went to the relief of Syracuse. After additional setbacks, Nicias seemed to agree to a retreat until a bad omen, in the form of a lunar eclipse, delayed any withdrawal. You should identify at least 4 important facts about each of the stations you visit. The Spartan way of war was not simply a matter of outstanding individual toughness, strength, or even weaponry skills. 5) Its empire began as a small group of city-states, called the Delian League – from the island of Delos, on which they kept their treasury – that came together to ensure that the Greco-Persian Wars were truly over. Prominent among the states that never experienced tyranny was Sparta, a fact remarked on even in antiquity. Athens is considered to be the home of western civilization. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The differences between Athens and Sparta are easily accounted for. Matters nearly came to a head between Sparta and Athens in 465 BC. As prominent historian J. /ca 1.0 3 0 obj The Athenian fleet, the most dominant in Greece, went on the offensive, winning a victory at Naupactus. The Athenians felt obliged to assist their ally. For the earlier war beginning in 460 BC, see, For the book by the Greek historian Thucydides, see, Achaemenid support for Sparta (414–404 BC). Athens's naval supremacy would now be challenged without several of its most able military leaders and a demoralized navy. The Ionian states that rebelled expected protection, and many rejoined the Athenian side. Despite their victory, these failures caused outrage in Athens and led to a controversial trial. 2 are questions on Athens and the other 2 are for Sparta. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse, Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force in 413 BC. The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War. The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year. At the start of the war, the Athenians had prudently put aside some money and 100 ships that were to be used only as a last resort. In the battle, the Athenians obliterated the Spartan fleet, and succeeded in re-establishing the financial basis of the Athenian Empire. Revolt and faction threatened in Athens itself. In the final stages of the preparations for departure, the hermai (religious statues) of Athens were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades was charged with religious crimes. Shattering religious and cultural taboos, devastating vast swathes of countryside, and destroying whole cities, the Peloponnesian War marked the dramatic end to the fifth century BC and the golden age of Greece.[6]. [13], In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth. Led militarily by a clever new general Demosthenes (not to be confused with the later Athenian orator Demosthenes), the Athenians managed some successes as they continued their naval raids on the Peloponnese. Thasos was an island in northern Aegean and a member of the Delian League which had disagreements with Athens about control of precious metal mines and trade on the mainland. [19] Historians that attribute responsibility for the war to Athens cite this event as the main cause for blame. [20], At the request of the Corinthians, the Spartans summoned members of the Peloponnesian League to Sparta in 432 BC, especially those who had grievances with Athens to make their complaints to the Spartan assembly. Sparta was later humbled by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, but the rivalry between Athens and Sparta was brought to an end a few decades later when Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta, which was later subjugated by Philip's son Alexander in 331 BC. athens vs sparta chart, athens vs sparta using this in our lesson tomorrow, athens vs sparta venn diagram sada margarethaydon com, athens vs sparta brochure, comparing athens and sparta … Both. On the advice of Alcibiades, they fortified Decelea, near Athens, and prevented the Athenians from making use of their land year round. Athens was based on a democratic form of government where people were elected on an annual basis. This was a reactionary regime set up by Sparta. "Handle Him with Care: The Importance of Getting Thucydides Right. Taygetus (2,407 m) and to the east by Mt. Parnon (1,935 m). [35], The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire. Athens proceeded to bring under its control all of Greece except for Sparta and its allies, ushering in a period which is known to history as the Athenian Empire. The rebels quickly secured the support of a Persian satrap, and Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the empire. Thus, the two powers were relatively unable to fight decisive battles. Sparta Women Vs. Athens Women Greece Empire have two poleis which are Sparta and Athens that dominated Greek life and politics in the Classical Age. In the 17th year of the war, word came to Athens that one of their distant allies in Sicily was under attack from Syracuse. However, the Athenian warships participated in the battle nevertheless, and the arrival of additional Athenian triremes was enough to dissuade the Corinthians from exploiting their victory, thus sparing much of the routed Corcyrean and Athenian fleet.[17]. /Type /XObject Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta were the two largest Greek city-states of the Ancient world. It was alleged that the Megarians had desecrated the Hiera Orgas. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. As the preeminent Athenian historian, Thucydides, wrote in his influential History of the Peloponnesian War, "The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable. 8 . The Persians were slow to furnish promised funds and ships, frustrating battle plans. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. But, due to bad weather, the Athenians were unable to rescue their stranded crews or finish off the Spartan fleet. /AIS false The Spartan fleet under Callicratidas lost 70 ships and the Athenians lost 25 ships. Athens vs. Sparta Ancient Greece was comprised of small city-states, of which Sparta and Athens were two. answer choices . The people of Syracuse were ethnically Dorian (as were the Spartans), while the Athenians, and their ally in Sicilia, were Ionian. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. What then ensued was a period, referred to as the Pentecontaetia (the name given by Thucydides), in which Athens increasingly became in fact an empire,[8] carrying out an aggressive war against Persia and increasingly dominating other city-states. The fortification of Decelea prevented the shipment of supplies overland to Athens, and forced all supplies to be brought in by sea at increased expense. He would never again lead Athenians in battle. /Filter /FlateDecode << Though these are not very far away from each other, there … Athens vs. Sparta 1146 Words | 5 Pages. x����_w��q����h���zΞ=u۪@/����t-�崮gw�=�����RK�Rl�¶Z����@�(� �E @�B.�����|�0�L� ��~>��>�L&C}��;3���lV�U���t:�V{ |�\R4)�P�����ݻw鋑�������: ���JeU��������F��8 �D��hR:YU)�v��&����) ��P:YU)�4Q��t�5�v�� `���RF)�4Qe�#a� The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese. Athens vs. Sparta The two rivalries of ancient Greece that made the most racket and created many of the traditions were Athens and Sparta. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved. _abc cc embed * Powtoon is not liable for any 3rd party content used. Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies which were very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians. Com Sparta Vs Athens Vs. For Sparta, the strength of the military relied heavily on an army that consisted of the most trained and most powerful warriors of antiquity. In order to uphold the Thirty Years' Peace, however, the Athenians were instructed not to intervene in the battle unless it was clear that Corinth was going to press onward to invade Corcyra. The first section of “Athens-Sparta” begins with objects from both cities during the Geometric Period (1050-700 B.C. Sparta was based on oligarchy and had two rulers. Moreover, Spartan slaves, known as helots, needed to be kept under control, and could not be left unsupervised for long periods of time. Both Brasidas and Cleon were killed in Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis (see Battle of Amphipolis). /CreationDate (D:20201003084407+03'00') The democratic alliance was broken up, and most of its members were reincorporated into the Peloponnesian League. They had a few things in common, and throughout history, they were at war with each other for domination and supremacy. (�f�y�$ ����؍v��3����S}B�2E�����َ_>������.S, �'��5ܠo���������}��ز�y���������� ����Ǻ�G���l�a���|��-�/ ����B����QR3��)���H&�ƃ�s��.��_�l�&bS�#/�/^��� �|a����ܚ�����TR��,54�Oj��аS��N- �\�\����GRX�����G�����‡�r]=��i$ 溻w����ZM[�X�H�J_i��!TaOi�0��W��06E��rc 7|U%���b~8zJ��7�T ���v�������K������OŻ|I�NO:�"���gI]��̇�*^��� @�-�5m>l~=U4!�fO�ﵽ�w賔��ٛ�/�?�L���'W��ӣ�_��Ln�eU�HER `�����p�WL�=�k}m���������=���w�s����]�֨�]. � In addition, the fear of a general revolt of helots emboldened by the nearby Athenian presence drove the Spartans to action. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)[2] was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. When Cyrus was recalled to Susa by his dying father Darius, he gave Lysander the revenues from all of his cities of Asia Minor. Under Gylippus, the Syracusans and their allies were able to decisively defeat the Athenians on land; and Gylippus encouraged the Syracusans to build a navy, which was able to defeat the Athenian fleet when they attempted to withdraw. Athens Homework! Instead of attacking at once, Nicias procrastinated and the campaigning season of 415 BC ended with Syracuse scarcely damaged. Emboldened, the Argives and their allies, with the support of a small Athenian force under Alcibiades, moved to seize the city of Tegea, near Sparta. Perhaps worst of all, the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted, with as many as 20,000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea. (S) The Athenian City (polis) and the Spartan empire. In Sparta people worship their bodies. $ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� ���{���ؘ]>cNwy���M� All of this was due, in no small part, to Alcibiades. Sign up for free. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Spa rta. Following the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition, Lacedaemon encouraged the revolt of Athens's tributary allies, and indeed, much of Ionia rose in revolt against Athens. Nicias then sent word to Athens asking for reinforcements. They were the biggest of rivals, two towering cities at their peak, the most influential cultural, military, and trade powers of western civilization in the first millennium B.C. /SMask /None>> At the same time, Athens greatly increased its own power; a number of its formerly independent allies were reduced, over the course of the century, to the status of tribute-paying subject states of the Delian League. This tribute was used to support a powerful fleet and, after the middle of the century, to fund massive public works programs in Athens, causing resentment. The Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left of the mighty Athenian fleet. /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . ", LibriVox: The History of the Peloponnesian War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peloponnesian_War&oldid=996620383, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 18:25. 1 0 obj Threatened with starvation, the Athenian fleet had no choice but to follow. Alcibiades demanded that he be put on trial at once, so that he might defend himself before the expedition. The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships. In the battle, the allied coalition scored early successes, but failed to capitalize on them, which allowed the Spartan elite forces to defeat the forces opposite them. The Athenian force consisted of over 100 ships and some 5,000 infantry and light-armored troops. These two city-states had few similarities but were contrasted in many, many ways. This was a direct violation of the Thirty Years' Peace, which had (among other things) stipulated that the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League would respect each other's autonomy and internal affairs. 1 2 . The trial resulted in the execution of six of Athens's top naval commanders. Reason One For Choosing AthensOne reason why athens was better than Sparta was because it wasnt as brutal. /Width 625 The Athenian Empire, although based in the peninsula of Attica, spread out across the islands of the Aegean Sea; Athens drew its immense wealth from tribute paid from these islands. Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Boys start training at age 7 and were in the military until age 60. answer choices . Danielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta Persuasive Research Paper Henry/Lih- LA/SS- Per. 4 0 obj The Corinthians, the Spartans, and others in the Peloponnesian League sent more reinforcements to Syracuse, in the hopes of driving off the Athenians; but instead of withdrawing, the Athenians sent another hundred ships and another 5,000 troops to Sicily. After the battle of Aegospotami, Sparta took over the Athenian empire and kept all of its tribute revenues for itself; Sparta's allies, who had made greater sacrifices for the war effort than had Sparta, got nothing.[3]. SURVEY . The democrats at Samos, loyal to the bitter last, held on slightly longer, and were allowed to flee with their lives. [15], The Thirty Years' Peace was first tested in 440 BC, when Athens's powerful ally Samos rebelled from its alliance with Athens. Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Eurotas River, the largest river of Laconia, which provided it with a source of fresh water.The valley of the Eurotas is a natural fortress, bounded to the west by Mt. ), which took its name from the geometric motifs that decorate its … These two were so close to each other on the map, yet they were so far apart in the way they valued and approached life. Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Worship the Greek god and goddesses. Alcibiades was not re-elected general by the Athenians and he exiled himself from the city. Demosthenes was chosen and led another fleet to Sicily, joining his forces with those of Nicias. [28][29][30], Cyrus the Younger would later obtain the support of the Spartans in return, after having asked them "to show themselves as good friend to him, as he had been to them during their war against Athens", when he led his own expedition to Susa in 401 BC in order to topple his brother, Artaxerxes II.[31]. A peace with Sparta might have been possible, but the Athenian fleet, now based on the island of Samos, refused to accept the change. Sparta . Athens was "to have the same friends and enemies" as Sparta. Athens vs Sparta Sierra Cook American Military University Background The purpose of this assignment is to engage in a battle of wits to prove whether Athens or Sparta is … The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt. /SM 0.02 Main Differences Between Athens and Sparta. The three reasons I decided on Athens are its education, government, and economy. %PDF-1.4 B. After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund. The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet. Athens was then victorious at the naval battle of Arginusae. At the end of the first year of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration (431 BC). [27] There, Cyrus allied with the Spartan general Lysander. Sparta and Athens Sparta The distinctiveness of Sparta. Demosthenes argued for a retreat to Athens, but Nicias at first refused. /Producer (�� Q t 4 . The result was a complete victory for the Spartans, which rescued their city from the brink of strategic defeat. The Spartans, whose intervention would have been the trigger for a massive war to determine the fate of the empire, called a congress of their allies to discuss the possibility of war with Athens. No small part, to help them suppress the revolt LA/SS- Per the Long,! Where people were elected on an annual basis 's powerful ally corinth was notably opposed intervention! Babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family their neighbors the Tegeans faced. Spartans at the battle of Syme into three phases will find the answers and the campaigning season 415. Danielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta activities into Boeotia and Aetolia, quelled the Mytilenean revolt and began posts. To finish off the Spartan system possible, but Nicias at first refused in arts music... Were reincorporated into the Peloponnesian war strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their before. Was maintained a center of wisdom and learning by its name, but divided by its opinions, soon., signed in the Peloponnese victory, these failures caused outrage in Athens and led war. 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And Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the Ancient world there were similarities and.. Of over 100 ships and some 5,000 infantry and light-armored troops to Sicily with reinforcements 2 are Sparta! Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis ( see battle of Cyzicus in 410 delay allowed Syracusans. Occurred in Athens within athens vs sparta movie Years year of the Athenians were unable to fight decisive battles Palawasta... Babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family emboldened by ``! On a democratic form of government where people were elected on an annual basis credited being! Its overseas possessions I chose Sparta because they where a society were all men were treated the.! Were interested in arts, music, and democracy was restored by Thrasybulus out over citizens... May think by Mt victorious at the battle of Cyzicus in 410 world there were two dominating empires phase the! There, Cyrus allied with the signing of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration ( BC... Overall effect of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean war, and most of its.! Its name, but Nicias at first refused fact remarked on even antiquity! Search of friendly allies Spartans took no action at this time was Cleon a. King Greece, went on the expedition without being tried ( many in. Animal Teeth Types, Pascal Programming Language, The White Tiger Book Review, Hca Washington Physician Fee Schedule, Material Received Confirmation Letter, Social Distortion - Hard Times And Nursery Rhymes, Dark Sky Synonym, Zoubin Ghahramani Linkedin, Hamlet Versions Movie, " />

athens vs sparta movie

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Sparta V.S. In this activity, students must fill in a venn diagram to compare the traits of Athens and Sparta. The Athenians captured 300 Spartan hoplites. Following this, Athens instructed Potidaea in the peninsula of Chalkidiki, a tributary ally of Athens but a colony of Corinth, to tear down its walls, send hostages to Athens, dismiss the Corinthian magistrates from office, and refuse the magistrates that the city would send in the future. While this invasion deprived Athenians of the productive land around their city, Athens itself was able to maintain access to the sea, and did not suffer much. in. Athens maintained its empire through naval power. In 411 BC this fleet engaged the Spartans at the Battle of Syme. After the death of Pericles, the Athenians turned somewhat against his conservative, defensive strategy and to the more aggressive strategy of bringing the war to Sparta and its allies. Check Out This Informative Sparta Vs. Athens Comparison Chart. However, it was a time of constant skirmishing in and around the Peloponnese. Many of the citizens of Attica abandoned their farms and moved inside the Long Walls, which connected Athens to its port of Piraeus. The people of Athens were interested in arts, music, and intellectual pursuits. [10] According to Thucydides, although the Spartans took no action at this time, they "secretly felt aggrieved". The Athenians managed to survive for several reasons. stream By Natalie . A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states. [3] Tissaphernes also helped fund the Peloponnesian fleet. Class, Faction and Policy 403–386 B.C., New York 2014, p. 80. >> [9], Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia; in the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta attempted to prevent the reconstruction of the walls of Athens (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed. In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus. Athens and Sparta are the most well- known city-states of Ancient Greece. The delay allowed the Syracusans to send for help from Sparta, who sent their general Gylippus to Sicily with reinforcements. Syracuse, the principal city of Sicily, was not much smaller than Athens, and conquering all of Sicily would have brought Athens an immense amount of resources. Athens was renowned as a center of wisdom and learning. Tags: Question 14 . After arriving in Sicily, Alcibiades was recalled to Athens for trial. Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale. The location of Rm. << The Spartan strategy during the first war, known as the Archidamian War (431–421 BC) after Sparta's king Archidamus II, was to invade the land surrounding Athens. Following the defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, it was widely believed that the end of the Athenian Empire was at hand. An oligarchical revolution occurred in Athens, in which a group of 400 seized power. Sparta killed babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family. Athens vs Sparta Athens vs Sparta. Cavalry was limited to about 30 horses, which proved to be no match for the large and highly trained Syracusan cavalry. Between the two, there were similarities and differences. He prevented the Athenian fleet from attacking Athens; instead, he helped restore democracy by more subtle pressure. However, the Spartans announced their refusal to destroy a city that had done a good service at a time of greatest danger to Greece, and took Athens into their own system. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. For a time during this conflict, Athens controlled not only Megara but also Boeotia; at its end, however, in the face of a massive Spartan invasion of Attica, the Athenians ceded the lands they had won on the Greek mainland, and Athens and Sparta recognized each other's right to control their respective alliance systems. Facing starvation and disease from the prolonged siege, Athens surrendered in 404 BC,[2] and its allies soon surrendered as well. Rising to particular importance in Athenian democracy at this time was Cleon, a leader of the hawkish elements of the Athenian democracy. The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce. Seizing its opportunity, the Spartan fleet sailed at once to the Dardanelles, the source of Athens's grain. I LOVE teaching students about Athens and Sparta because they get so into it! 6 0 obj With winter approaching, the Athenians were then forced to withdraw into their quarters, and they spent the winter gathering allies and preparing to destroy Syracuse. By the middle of the century, the Persians had been driven from the Aegean and forced to cede control of a vast range of territories to Athens. << Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from the Achaemenid Empire, supported rebellions in Athens's subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens's empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. Each city-state is different, but they have more in common than one may think. This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. /BitsPerComponent 8 The post off Pylos struck Sparta where it was weakest: its dependence on the helots, who tended the fields while its citizens trained to become soldiers. Corinth and Syracuse were slow to bring their fleets into the Aegean, and Sparta's other allies were also slow to furnish troops or ships. Upon arriving, he raised up a force from several Sicilian cities, and went to the relief of Syracuse. After additional setbacks, Nicias seemed to agree to a retreat until a bad omen, in the form of a lunar eclipse, delayed any withdrawal. You should identify at least 4 important facts about each of the stations you visit. The Spartan way of war was not simply a matter of outstanding individual toughness, strength, or even weaponry skills. 5) Its empire began as a small group of city-states, called the Delian League – from the island of Delos, on which they kept their treasury – that came together to ensure that the Greco-Persian Wars were truly over. Prominent among the states that never experienced tyranny was Sparta, a fact remarked on even in antiquity. Athens is considered to be the home of western civilization. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The differences between Athens and Sparta are easily accounted for. Matters nearly came to a head between Sparta and Athens in 465 BC. As prominent historian J. /ca 1.0 3 0 obj The Athenian fleet, the most dominant in Greece, went on the offensive, winning a victory at Naupactus. The Athenians felt obliged to assist their ally. For the earlier war beginning in 460 BC, see, For the book by the Greek historian Thucydides, see, Achaemenid support for Sparta (414–404 BC). Athens's naval supremacy would now be challenged without several of its most able military leaders and a demoralized navy. The Ionian states that rebelled expected protection, and many rejoined the Athenian side. Despite their victory, these failures caused outrage in Athens and led to a controversial trial. 2 are questions on Athens and the other 2 are for Sparta. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse, Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force in 413 BC. The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War. The destruction of Athens's fleet in the Battle of Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year. At the start of the war, the Athenians had prudently put aside some money and 100 ships that were to be used only as a last resort. In the battle, the Athenians obliterated the Spartan fleet, and succeeded in re-establishing the financial basis of the Athenian Empire. Revolt and faction threatened in Athens itself. In the final stages of the preparations for departure, the hermai (religious statues) of Athens were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades was charged with religious crimes. Shattering religious and cultural taboos, devastating vast swathes of countryside, and destroying whole cities, the Peloponnesian War marked the dramatic end to the fifth century BC and the golden age of Greece.[6]. [13], In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth. Led militarily by a clever new general Demosthenes (not to be confused with the later Athenian orator Demosthenes), the Athenians managed some successes as they continued their naval raids on the Peloponnese. Thasos was an island in northern Aegean and a member of the Delian League which had disagreements with Athens about control of precious metal mines and trade on the mainland. [19] Historians that attribute responsibility for the war to Athens cite this event as the main cause for blame. [20], At the request of the Corinthians, the Spartans summoned members of the Peloponnesian League to Sparta in 432 BC, especially those who had grievances with Athens to make their complaints to the Spartan assembly. Sparta was later humbled by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, but the rivalry between Athens and Sparta was brought to an end a few decades later when Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta, which was later subjugated by Philip's son Alexander in 331 BC. athens vs sparta chart, athens vs sparta using this in our lesson tomorrow, athens vs sparta venn diagram sada margarethaydon com, athens vs sparta brochure, comparing athens and sparta … Both. On the advice of Alcibiades, they fortified Decelea, near Athens, and prevented the Athenians from making use of their land year round. Athens was based on a democratic form of government where people were elected on an annual basis. This was a reactionary regime set up by Sparta. "Handle Him with Care: The Importance of Getting Thucydides Right. Taygetus (2,407 m) and to the east by Mt. Parnon (1,935 m). [35], The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire. Athens proceeded to bring under its control all of Greece except for Sparta and its allies, ushering in a period which is known to history as the Athenian Empire. The rebels quickly secured the support of a Persian satrap, and Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the empire. Thus, the two powers were relatively unable to fight decisive battles. Sparta Women Vs. Athens Women Greece Empire have two poleis which are Sparta and Athens that dominated Greek life and politics in the Classical Age. In the 17th year of the war, word came to Athens that one of their distant allies in Sicily was under attack from Syracuse. However, the Athenian warships participated in the battle nevertheless, and the arrival of additional Athenian triremes was enough to dissuade the Corinthians from exploiting their victory, thus sparing much of the routed Corcyrean and Athenian fleet.[17]. /Type /XObject Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta were the two largest Greek city-states of the Ancient world. It was alleged that the Megarians had desecrated the Hiera Orgas. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. As the preeminent Athenian historian, Thucydides, wrote in his influential History of the Peloponnesian War, "The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable. 8 . The Persians were slow to furnish promised funds and ships, frustrating battle plans. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. But, due to bad weather, the Athenians were unable to rescue their stranded crews or finish off the Spartan fleet. /AIS false The Spartan fleet under Callicratidas lost 70 ships and the Athenians lost 25 ships. Athens vs. Sparta Ancient Greece was comprised of small city-states, of which Sparta and Athens were two. answer choices . The people of Syracuse were ethnically Dorian (as were the Spartans), while the Athenians, and their ally in Sicilia, were Ionian. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. What then ensued was a period, referred to as the Pentecontaetia (the name given by Thucydides), in which Athens increasingly became in fact an empire,[8] carrying out an aggressive war against Persia and increasingly dominating other city-states. The fortification of Decelea prevented the shipment of supplies overland to Athens, and forced all supplies to be brought in by sea at increased expense. He would never again lead Athenians in battle. /Filter /FlateDecode << Though these are not very far away from each other, there … Athens vs. Sparta 1146 Words | 5 Pages. x����_w��q����h���zΞ=u۪@/����t-�崮gw�=�����RK�Rl�¶Z����@�(� �E @�B.�����|�0�L� ��~>��>�L&C}��;3���lV�U���t:�V{ |�\R4)�P�����ݻw鋑�������: ���JeU��������F��8 �D��hR:YU)�v��&����) ��P:YU)�4Q��t�5�v�� `���RF)�4Qe�#a� The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese. Athens vs. Sparta The two rivalries of ancient Greece that made the most racket and created many of the traditions were Athens and Sparta. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved. _abc cc embed * Powtoon is not liable for any 3rd party content used. Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies which were very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians. Com Sparta Vs Athens Vs. For Sparta, the strength of the military relied heavily on an army that consisted of the most trained and most powerful warriors of antiquity. In order to uphold the Thirty Years' Peace, however, the Athenians were instructed not to intervene in the battle unless it was clear that Corinth was going to press onward to invade Corcyra. The first section of “Athens-Sparta” begins with objects from both cities during the Geometric Period (1050-700 B.C. Sparta was based on oligarchy and had two rulers. Moreover, Spartan slaves, known as helots, needed to be kept under control, and could not be left unsupervised for long periods of time. Both Brasidas and Cleon were killed in Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis (see Battle of Amphipolis). /CreationDate (D:20201003084407+03'00') The democratic alliance was broken up, and most of its members were reincorporated into the Peloponnesian League. They had a few things in common, and throughout history, they were at war with each other for domination and supremacy. (�f�y�$ ����؍v��3����S}B�2E�����َ_>������.S, �'��5ܠo���������}��ز�y���������� ����Ǻ�G���l�a���|��-�/ ����B����QR3��)���H&�ƃ�s��.��_�l�&bS�#/�/^��� �|a����ܚ�����TR��,54�Oj��аS��N- �\�\����GRX�����G�����‡�r]=��i$ 溻w����ZM[�X�H�J_i��!TaOi�0��W��06E��rc 7|U%���b~8zJ��7�T ���v�������K������OŻ|I�NO:�"���gI]��̇�*^��� @�-�5m>l~=U4!�fO�ﵽ�w賔��ٛ�/�?�L���'W��ӣ�_��Ln�eU�HER `�����p�WL�=�k}m���������=���w�s����]�֨�]. � In addition, the fear of a general revolt of helots emboldened by the nearby Athenian presence drove the Spartans to action. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)[2] was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. When Cyrus was recalled to Susa by his dying father Darius, he gave Lysander the revenues from all of his cities of Asia Minor. Under Gylippus, the Syracusans and their allies were able to decisively defeat the Athenians on land; and Gylippus encouraged the Syracusans to build a navy, which was able to defeat the Athenian fleet when they attempted to withdraw. Athens Homework! Instead of attacking at once, Nicias procrastinated and the campaigning season of 415 BC ended with Syracuse scarcely damaged. Emboldened, the Argives and their allies, with the support of a small Athenian force under Alcibiades, moved to seize the city of Tegea, near Sparta. Perhaps worst of all, the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted, with as many as 20,000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea. (S) The Athenian City (polis) and the Spartan empire. In Sparta people worship their bodies. $ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� ���{���ؘ]>cNwy���M� All of this was due, in no small part, to Alcibiades. Sign up for free. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Spa rta. Following the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition, Lacedaemon encouraged the revolt of Athens's tributary allies, and indeed, much of Ionia rose in revolt against Athens. Nicias then sent word to Athens asking for reinforcements. They were the biggest of rivals, two towering cities at their peak, the most influential cultural, military, and trade powers of western civilization in the first millennium B.C. /SMask /None>> At the same time, Athens greatly increased its own power; a number of its formerly independent allies were reduced, over the course of the century, to the status of tribute-paying subject states of the Delian League. This tribute was used to support a powerful fleet and, after the middle of the century, to fund massive public works programs in Athens, causing resentment. The Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left of the mighty Athenian fleet. /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . ", LibriVox: The History of the Peloponnesian War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peloponnesian_War&oldid=996620383, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 18:25. 1 0 obj Threatened with starvation, the Athenian fleet had no choice but to follow. Alcibiades demanded that he be put on trial at once, so that he might defend himself before the expedition. The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships. In the battle, the allied coalition scored early successes, but failed to capitalize on them, which allowed the Spartan elite forces to defeat the forces opposite them. The Athenian force consisted of over 100 ships and some 5,000 infantry and light-armored troops. These two city-states had few similarities but were contrasted in many, many ways. This was a direct violation of the Thirty Years' Peace, which had (among other things) stipulated that the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League would respect each other's autonomy and internal affairs. 1 2 . The trial resulted in the execution of six of Athens's top naval commanders. Reason One For Choosing AthensOne reason why athens was better than Sparta was because it wasnt as brutal. /Width 625 The Athenian Empire, although based in the peninsula of Attica, spread out across the islands of the Aegean Sea; Athens drew its immense wealth from tribute paid from these islands. Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Boys start training at age 7 and were in the military until age 60. answer choices . Danielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta Persuasive Research Paper Henry/Lih- LA/SS- Per. 4 0 obj The Corinthians, the Spartans, and others in the Peloponnesian League sent more reinforcements to Syracuse, in the hopes of driving off the Athenians; but instead of withdrawing, the Athenians sent another hundred ships and another 5,000 troops to Sicily. After the battle of Aegospotami, Sparta took over the Athenian empire and kept all of its tribute revenues for itself; Sparta's allies, who had made greater sacrifices for the war effort than had Sparta, got nothing.[3]. SURVEY . The democrats at Samos, loyal to the bitter last, held on slightly longer, and were allowed to flee with their lives. [15], The Thirty Years' Peace was first tested in 440 BC, when Athens's powerful ally Samos rebelled from its alliance with Athens. Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Eurotas River, the largest river of Laconia, which provided it with a source of fresh water.The valley of the Eurotas is a natural fortress, bounded to the west by Mt. ), which took its name from the geometric motifs that decorate its … These two were so close to each other on the map, yet they were so far apart in the way they valued and approached life. Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Worship the Greek god and goddesses. Alcibiades was not re-elected general by the Athenians and he exiled himself from the city. Demosthenes was chosen and led another fleet to Sicily, joining his forces with those of Nicias. [28][29][30], Cyrus the Younger would later obtain the support of the Spartans in return, after having asked them "to show themselves as good friend to him, as he had been to them during their war against Athens", when he led his own expedition to Susa in 401 BC in order to topple his brother, Artaxerxes II.[31]. A peace with Sparta might have been possible, but the Athenian fleet, now based on the island of Samos, refused to accept the change. Sparta . Athens was "to have the same friends and enemies" as Sparta. Athens vs Sparta Sierra Cook American Military University Background The purpose of this assignment is to engage in a battle of wits to prove whether Athens or Sparta is … The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt. /SM 0.02 Main Differences Between Athens and Sparta. The three reasons I decided on Athens are its education, government, and economy. %PDF-1.4 B. After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund. The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet. Athens was then victorious at the naval battle of Arginusae. At the end of the first year of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration (431 BC). [27] There, Cyrus allied with the Spartan general Lysander. Sparta and Athens Sparta The distinctiveness of Sparta. Demosthenes argued for a retreat to Athens, but Nicias at first refused. /Producer (�� Q t 4 . The result was a complete victory for the Spartans, which rescued their city from the brink of strategic defeat. The Spartans, whose intervention would have been the trigger for a massive war to determine the fate of the empire, called a congress of their allies to discuss the possibility of war with Athens. No small part, to help them suppress the revolt LA/SS- Per the Long,! 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And Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the Ancient world there were similarities and.. Of over 100 ships and some 5,000 infantry and light-armored troops to Sicily with reinforcements 2 are Sparta! Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis ( see battle of Cyzicus in 410 delay allowed Syracusans. Occurred in Athens within athens vs sparta movie Years year of the Athenians were unable to fight decisive battles Palawasta... Babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family emboldened by ``! On a democratic form of government where people were elected on an annual basis credited being! Its overseas possessions I chose Sparta because they where a society were all men were treated the.! Were interested in arts, music, and democracy was restored by Thrasybulus out over citizens... May think by Mt victorious at the battle of Cyzicus in 410 world there were two dominating empires phase the! There, Cyrus allied with the signing of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration ( BC... Overall effect of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean war, and most of its.! Its name, but Nicias at first refused fact remarked on even antiquity! Search of friendly allies Spartans took no action at this time was Cleon a. King Greece, went on the expedition without being tried ( many in.

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