About Us > Past Presidents. In view of the ongoing global economic slowdown and effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, the government has announced that the Singapore President and all cabinet ministers, including the Prime Minister, will be taking a one-month pay cut.. Perhaps it is timely to examine how much of a financial impact this will have, or whether the pay cut is an insignificant drop in the bucket from a … Nathan established the President's Challenge with the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports and its statutory board, the National Council of Social Service. 2 After the legislation on elected presidency came into effect on 30 November 1991, Singapore held its first presidential election on 28 August 1993 and Ong Teng Cheong became the country’s first elected president. Wee Kim Wee promoted sports and volunteerism; and Ong Teng Cheong culture and the arts, particularly music. As of 2011, the endeavour had raised more than S$100 million for charities supporting disabled and needy people. The person elected to the office of president assumes office on the day his predecessor ceases to hold office or, if the office is vacant, on the day following his election. The president must not be a member of any, The president must have for a period of not less than three years held office —, as the most senior executive of a company with an average of $500 million in, in any other similar or comparable position of seniority and responsibility in any other organisation or department of equivalent size or complexity in the. [61] If the office of president becomes vacant before the incumbent's term expires, a poll for an election must be held within six months. List of World Presidents and Prime Ministers 2020 [Full Updated] ExamGuru 11:00 AM President and Prime Minister of all Countries 2020 PDF: Government exam paper of Current Affairs General Knowledge on the Prime Minister and the President of a country, 1-2 questions are definitely asked. [35] The president has certain powers of oversight over the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau[36] and decisions of the Executive under the Internal Security Act[37] and the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. Required fields are marked *. Constitution, Arts. The portraits of President Halimah and her spouse, Mr Mohamed Abdullah Alhabshee, are displayed in public buildings. The Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau's powers of investigation derive from the Prevention of Corruption Act (. In clause (f), "foreign country" does not include any part of the. The president must not be subject to any of the following disqualifications: The president must be a person of integrity, good character and reputation. [40] In 2009, the Government requested approval from President S.R. [69], In addition, candidates must obtain political donation certificates from the registrar of political donations stating that they have complied with the Political Donations Act,[70] and file their nomination papers with the returning officer on nomination day. He was not elected by the people in a vote, but became president by virtue of being the sole candidate deemed qualified by the Presidential Elections Committee. [33], The president is also empowered to approve changes to key civil service positions, such as the chief justice, the attorney-general, the chairman and members of the Public Service Commission, the chief of Defence Force and the commissioner of police. Following the Westminster system, the position is largely ceremonial, but enjoys several reserve powers including withholding presidential assent on supply bills and changing or revoking civil service appointments.The current system of holding elections for the Presidency began with the 1993 election. Candidates or their polling agents may also affix their own seals to the ballot boxes. 19(2)(d) read with Art. Singapore’s Presidents Madam Halimah Yacob, 63, is set to become Singapore's first female President. SINGAPORE — At a Chinese New Year event his school hosted for senior citizens when he was 13, Alden Tan Ming Yang said, Former deputy prime minister, Tony Kan Keng Yam, Former member of parliament, Tan Cheng Bock. 22L(1)(d) and (e). At No. [34] He or she also appoints as Prime Minister a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his or her personal judgment, is likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. among them are two women who will be launching out after their tertiary education into male preserves. As a result of constitutional amendments passed in 1991, the presidency became a popularly elected office with certain custodial powers, particularly over government expenditure and key appointments to public offices. 1958-1959 Hon Yung Sen. 1959-1960 Dr Chee Phui Hung. The president must not be less than 45 years of age. [14], The president is the head of state of Singapore. [17] In most cases, the president is bound to exercise their powers in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. Here's a look back at the history of the presidential system and the men who had held the highest office in the land. [97] With effect from 17 February 2012, the sum under Class I of the list, which includes the president's personal pay ($1,568,900, known by the British term the "privy purse"), an entertainment allowance ($73,000) and an allowance for an acting president ($4,500), is $1,646,400. In January 1991, the Constitution[4] was amended to provide for the popular election of the president, a major constitutional and political change in Singapore's history. [62] In other cases, an election can take place any time from three months before the expiry of the incumbent's term of office. [98], The salaries for the president's personal staff (Class II) amount to $4,532,400. 22 January 1936, Singapore–d. 44(2)(d). [2][3]. The last Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Yusof bin Ishak, became the first President. If not, the president is the country 's past reserves and key civil service appointments empowered to the... Nair stepped down, Tony Kan Keng Yam with 745,693 ( 35.19 % ) of votes! 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1957-1958 Dr V Thambipillai. [63], The procedure for elections is laid out in the Presidential Elections Act. 1960-1961 Dr P Oorjitham. From eRepublik Official Wiki. The President’s Scholarship is widely regarded as Singapore’s most prestigious undergraduate scholarship. The President is the head of state of Singapore. [68] For the 2017 presidential election, the members of the PEC are Eddie Teo (chairman), Lim Soo Hoon, Chan Heng Chee, Po'ad Shaik Abu Bakar Mattar, Tay Yong Kwang, and Peter Seah. [74], During the election period, a candidate may not spend more than $600,000 or 30 cents for each person on the electoral register, whichever is greater. The President as a Head of State appoints the Prime Minister, a Member of Parliament who commands a confidence of the majority of the MPs. The constitution was amended in November 1991, making the provision for a president to be elected by Singaporean citizens. 21(2)(e), 21(2)(f), 22B and 22D. The 2011 presidential election was the first election with a ballot since the 1993 election, and was also Singapore's first presidential election contested by more than two candidates. … [59], The president holds office for a term of six years from the date on which they assume office. The president can also examine the administration's enforcement of the Internal Security Act[5] and Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act,[6] and authorise corruption investigations (see below). [73] Otherwise, the returning officer issues a notice of contested election specifying when polling day will be. In the case when the president is unable to perform their duties, their powers are temporarily transferred to the chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA). Constitution, Art. [9][10][11] He appealed against this decision, but the Court of Appeal also dismissed it.[12]. She is first Malay head of state in 47 years since the death of Yusof Ishak, Singapore's first president. 1961-1962 Lim Ho Hup. S.R. The Legislature can pass a law requiring the President to act after consultation with, or on the recommendation of, any person or body of persons other than the Cabinet in the exercise of his or her functions other than those exercisable in his personal discretion or in respect of the Constitution has made other provision: Art. The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore.The President of Singapore chooses as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament (MP) who, he thinks, will have the highest chance of being supported by a majority of MPs.. [15] The executive authority of the nation is vested in the president and exercisable by them or by the Cabinet or any minister authorised by the Cabinet. 17(3); Presidential Elections Act (. 21(5). SINGAPORE - Five young Singaporeans were awarded the President's Scholarship on Wednesday (Aug 16) evening at the Istana. A person who wishes to run for the office of president has to fulfil stringent qualifications set out in the Constitution, which are as follows: The strictness of these qualifications led to the 1999, 2005, and 2017 elections being walkovers as only one candidate had qualified on nomination day. After the Constitution was amended in 1991, the term of President Wee was fixed to end on 1 September 1993. 21(2)(h), 22I; MRHA, s. 12. 1954-1955 K M Byrne. [25], The president has been called "Singapore's No. The Presidential Crest is used on state crockery, gifts and stationery related to the President. [20] The president's primary role in the exercise of legislative power to make laws is assenting to bills passed by Parliament. [65] Potential candidates must obtain certificates of eligibility from the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC), the function of which is to ensure that such persons have the necessary qualifications to be nominated as a candidate for the election. I, [name], having been elected President of the Republic of Singapore, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge my duties as such to the best of my ability without fear or favour, affection or ill-will, and without regard to any previous affiliation with any political party, and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Republic, and that I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. 22G. Nathan and Halimah Yacob are the only candidates that won in an election in a walkover in 1999, 2005 and 2017 respectively. This was a result of transitional provisions in the Constitution of Singapore in 2017,[8] which were affirmed by the High Court following a legal challenge by presidential hopeful Tan Cheng Bock. The President's Design Award, which honours Singapore designs and designers, has named its three Designers of the Year for 2015. I hope this assortment can make you a lot of fun. [39] Discussions culminated in the Government issuing a non-binding white paper entitled The Principles for Determining and Safeguarding the Accumulated Reserves of the Government and the Fifth Schedule Statutory Boards and Government Companies (1999). It replaced the office of Yang di-Pertuan Negara, which had been created when Singapore attained self-government in 1959. He was replaced by Benjamin Sheares after his death, who served as President until his dea… 22(3) and (4). [83], Polling day is a public holiday,[84] and voting is compulsory. A. Wee Kim Wee was the first president to exercise custodial powers pursuant to the constitutional amendments of 1991. Constitution, Arts. After his death he was replaced by Benjamin Sheares, who served until his death in 1981, when he was succeeded by Chengara Veetil Devan Nair. 19(4), read with Art. Constitution, Art. Nathan was returned unopposed on Nomination Day in 1999 and 2005. The Istana, one of Singapore's oldest heritage sites, turned 150 in 2019. 45(2). Constitution, Art. [27] In addition, the president is required to consult the Council of Presidential Advisers (CPA) when performing some of his functions. Mr Mugabe was … The eighth and current president, Halimah Yacob, took office on 14 September 2017, becoming the first president elected as she was the sole eligible candidate under the new reform terms which took effect earlier that year. They were Yusof, Benjamin Henry Sheares, C. V. Devan Nair and Wee Kim Wee. singapore's 11 president scholars received their awards from president dr benjamin henry sheares in a floodlit ceremony at the istana. If so, the returning officer declares the candidate with the highest number of votes to be elected as President. Below is a list of Singapore’s presidents since the country gained independence. [64] The process begins when the prime minister issues a writ of election to the returning officer specifying the date and place of nomination day. Constitution, Arts. The Presidential Standard is flown at the Istana in the day, when the President is in the country. The National Assembly ha… In previous years, this sum was used to cover various expenses such as the cost of replacing state cars and installing a new document repository. 1 diplomat". Cap. "Parliament approves increase in President's salary, expenditure", Text of the Constitution at Singapore Statutes Online, Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal, Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act, Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) Act 2015, British Military Administration (1945–1946), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Singapore&oldid=1000225613, Lists of political office-holders in Singapore, Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisors. Singapore has a parliamentary system of government. Articles from the Constitution were drawn from provisions in three statutes; the Republic of Singapore Independence Act (1965), the Constitution of the State of Singapore (1963), and the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. Members of Cabinet are appointed from among the MPs by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Under the revision, the president is empowered to veto the use of the country's past reserves and key civil service appointments. The returning officer then states the number of votes cast for each candidate and the date and location where the overseas votes will be counted.[90]. [98], Class IV expenses for "special services" are $550,000. Constitution, Art. It replaced the office of Yang di-Pertuan Negara, which had been created when Singapore attained self-government in 1959. In this assortment, I added some appealing videos about singapore president. Constitution, Art. [57][58] Other amendments were made to expand the list of key government companies eligible for the candidacy,[52] and, for candidates using their private sector experience, the use of $500 million of shareholder equity instead of $100 million in paid-up capital. Assuming a writ for a presidential election has not yet been issued before the vacation of office or, if it has been issued, has been, Constitution, Art. [72] If there is only one candidate nominated, he or she is declared to have been elected president. PEA, s. 62A(2), inserted by the Presidential Elections (Amendment) Act 2010 (No. 11 of 2010) ("PEAA"). Presidents have also used the office to champion charitable causes. [101] Overall, the current civil list of $9,491,100 represents a decrease of about 18% from the sum for the past fiscal year of $11,605,000. The Prime Minister leads the Cabinet in the administration of the Government. [6], As a component of the legislature together with Parliament, the president is also jointly vested with legislative authority. [18] The President only exercises limited powers in their personal discretion[19] to block attempts by the government of the day to draw down past reserves it did not accumulate, to approve changes to key appointments, and to exercise oversight over the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau and decisions of the Executive under the Internal Security Act[5] and the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. [102], Head of state of the Republic of Singapore, சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் Ciṅkappūr kuṭiyaracut talaivar, List of presidents of the Republic of Singapore. not hold any other office created or recognised by the Constitution; not actively engage in any commercial enterprise; not be a member of any political party; and, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 05:28. Rejected and tendered votes are excluded. According to Article 19 of the Singapore Constitution, to qualify for election as President, a person must: Be a Singapore citizen; Be at least 45 years old; Have his or her name appear in a current register of electors; Be resident in Singapore for at least 10 … Background. [66] In particular, the PEC must be satisfied that the potential candidates are persons of integrity, good character and reputation;[49] and if they have not previously held certain key government offices or acted as chairman of the board of directors or CEO of a company incorporated or registered under the Companies Act with shareholders' equity of at least $500 million, that they held a position of comparable seniority and responsibility in the public or private sector that has given them experience and ability in administering and managing financial affairs. The Cabinet is responsible for all government policies and the day-to-day administration of the affairs of state. Before 1993, the president was chosen by the Parliament of Singapore. 45. Constitution, Arts. Nathan to draw $4.9 billion from past financial reserves to meet current budget expenditure, the first time it had done so. Constitution, Art. Sweet Singapore © 2021. In addition, the president contributes to the nation's external relations by undertaking overseas trips on Cabinet's advice. The last Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Yusof Ishak, became the first president. 19(7). [82] Legal changes introduced in 2010 made the eve of polling day a "cooling-off day" – campaigning must not take place on that day and on polling day itself. On the advice of the Prime Minister, the President appoints other ministers from among the Members of Parliament to form the Cabinet. Yusof Bin Ishak The disqualification of a person under clauses (d) and (e) may be removed by the President and shall, if not so removed, cease at the end of five years beginning from the date on which the return mentioned in clause (d) was required to be lodged or, as the case may be, the date on which the person convicted as mentioned in clause (e) was released from custody or the date on which the fine mentioned in clause (1) (e) was imposed on such person: Constitution, Art. SINGAPORE: President Halimah Yacob dissolved Parliament on Tuesday (Jun 23) on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) said. The body of Robert Mugabe has arrived back in Zimbabwe after a private flight from Singapore, where he died last week aged 95. 19(3)(c) and Art 19(4)(b). Elected presidents were to serve for a six-year term, while the presidency has no term limits. [23] The president usually opens each Parliamentary session with an address drafted by the Cabinet setting out the Government's agenda for the session,[24] and may address Parliament and send messages to it. [75] Permits must be obtained to hold election meetings[76] and display posters and banners,[77] and a number of acts are unlawful, including bribery,[78] dissuading electors from voting,[79] making false statements about candidates,[80] treating[81] and undue influence. In … Dr. Colin K. … [86] After the poll closes, the presiding officer of each polling station seals the ballot boxes without opening them. He served as president from 1 September 1993 to 31 August 1999. All Rights Reserved. The Constitution of Singapore is the country’s supreme law and has been in effect since its enactment on December 22nd, 1965. Singapore hasn’t had a Malay president since the country’s first President Yusof Ishak, who served as head of state from 1965 to 1970. He was re-elected on 17 August 2005; both his election came on walkovers without any opposing contestants. [13] She is also the first female President of Singapore. Both current and historical prime ministers of Singapore are listed with biographies. 45(2). Halimah Yacob is the incumbent Singaporean president since 2017 after being elected unopposed at the presidential election in the same year. His first term of office was from 1 September 1999 to 31 August 2005. Constitution, Art. The president is nominally vested with executive authority, but in practice that authority is exercised by the Cabinet led by the prime minister of Singapore. Speaking in Parliament on 10 March 2011, Minister for Finance Tharman Shanmugaratnam explained that this sum was to cater for the salaries of an additional staff officer to support the work of the Council of Presidential Advisers, and a butler manager; and to meet higher variable staff salary payments due to the nation's strong economic growth. Singapore's longest-serving president was S.R. The Istana 150th Anniversary. Your email address will not be published. This allowance is used to cover the maintenance of the Istana, vehicles, utilities and other supplies, as well as for ceremonies and celebrations. The privy purse was reduced from $4,267,500 after the president accepted the Ministerial Salaries Review Committee's recommendations on the matter. 8 February 2002, Singapore) was the fifth president of Singapore and ... S. R. Nathan Sellapan Ramanathan (b. In 2016, further amendments were passed providing for "reserved elections" for a particular ethnic community, if that community has not provided a president in the past five presidential terms. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [99][100] The allowance for the Istana's household expenses (Class III) is $2,762,308, an increase from $694,000. [21] As the president exercises this constitutional function in accordance with Cabinet's advice and not in their personal discretion except in certain circumstances,[22] in general he or she may not refuse to assent to bills that Parliament has validly passed. After he stepped down, Tony Tan won the 27 August 2011 presidential election by a narrow 0.34% margin. How much does a Vice President make in Singapore, Singapore? The scholarship is awarded to students who have distinguished themselves beyond excellence in academic pursuits and co-curricular activities. Constitution, Arts. S.R. [55][56], In November 2016, further amendments provide for "reserved elections" for a particular racial group (Chinese, Malay and Indian/other minority) — if that community has not been represented for five presidential terms. The national constitution sets strict eligibility conditions for the presidency. Nathan who served from 1999 to 2011 and the only living former president was Tony Tan who served from 2011 to 2017. 19(2)(c) read with Art. The president's name must appear in a current register of electors. [60] The office falls vacant upon the expiry of the incumbent's term or if the president is for some reason unable to complete their term; for example, due to death, resignation, or removal from office for misconduct or mental or physical infirmity. The office of President was created in 1965 after Singapore became a republic upon its secession from the Federation of Malaysia that year. [26] Ambassadors and high commissioners accredited to Singapore present their credentials to the president, and the president is called upon by visiting foreign leaders. The election was won by Tony Tan Keng Yam with 745,693 (35.19%) of valid votes. However, the Singapore Government has, on the advice of the Attorney-General's Chambers,[7] deemed Ong's predecessor Wee Kim Wee the first elected president, on the basis that he had held and exercised the powers of the elected president. Presidential Elections (Posters and Banners) Regulations (, PEA, ss. [88] A candidate or his or her counting agent may ask the returning officer for a recount of votes if the difference between the number of votes for the candidate with the most votes and any other candidate's number of votes is 2% or less. All other laws in the land are subordinate to the constitution. The first popularly elected president was Ong Teng Cheong, a former cabinet minister. President's Portrait & Insignia. The president of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his or her opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. Ed. 20(1) to (3) and the 1st Sch. Ong Teng Cheong (b. ABOUT > About Us > Past Presidents. In view of the ongoing global economic slowdown and effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, the government has announced that the Singapore President and all cabinet ministers, including the Prime Minister, will be taking a one-month pay cut.. Perhaps it is timely to examine how much of a financial impact this will have, or whether the pay cut is an insignificant drop in the bucket from a … Nathan established the President's Challenge with the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports and its statutory board, the National Council of Social Service. 2 After the legislation on elected presidency came into effect on 30 November 1991, Singapore held its first presidential election on 28 August 1993 and Ong Teng Cheong became the country’s first elected president. Wee Kim Wee promoted sports and volunteerism; and Ong Teng Cheong culture and the arts, particularly music. As of 2011, the endeavour had raised more than S$100 million for charities supporting disabled and needy people. The person elected to the office of president assumes office on the day his predecessor ceases to hold office or, if the office is vacant, on the day following his election. The president must not be a member of any, The president must have for a period of not less than three years held office —, as the most senior executive of a company with an average of $500 million in, in any other similar or comparable position of seniority and responsibility in any other organisation or department of equivalent size or complexity in the. [61] If the office of president becomes vacant before the incumbent's term expires, a poll for an election must be held within six months. List of World Presidents and Prime Ministers 2020 [Full Updated] ExamGuru 11:00 AM President and Prime Minister of all Countries 2020 PDF: Government exam paper of Current Affairs General Knowledge on the Prime Minister and the President of a country, 1-2 questions are definitely asked. [35] The president has certain powers of oversight over the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau[36] and decisions of the Executive under the Internal Security Act[37] and the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. Required fields are marked *. Constitution, Arts. The portraits of President Halimah and her spouse, Mr Mohamed Abdullah Alhabshee, are displayed in public buildings. The Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau's powers of investigation derive from the Prevention of Corruption Act (. In clause (f), "foreign country" does not include any part of the. The president must not be subject to any of the following disqualifications: The president must be a person of integrity, good character and reputation. [40] In 2009, the Government requested approval from President S.R. [69], In addition, candidates must obtain political donation certificates from the registrar of political donations stating that they have complied with the Political Donations Act,[70] and file their nomination papers with the returning officer on nomination day. He was not elected by the people in a vote, but became president by virtue of being the sole candidate deemed qualified by the Presidential Elections Committee. [33], The president is also empowered to approve changes to key civil service positions, such as the chief justice, the attorney-general, the chairman and members of the Public Service Commission, the chief of Defence Force and the commissioner of police. Following the Westminster system, the position is largely ceremonial, but enjoys several reserve powers including withholding presidential assent on supply bills and changing or revoking civil service appointments.The current system of holding elections for the Presidency began with the 1993 election. Candidates or their polling agents may also affix their own seals to the ballot boxes. 19(2)(d) read with Art. Singapore’s Presidents Madam Halimah Yacob, 63, is set to become Singapore's first female President. SINGAPORE — At a Chinese New Year event his school hosted for senior citizens when he was 13, Alden Tan Ming Yang said, Former deputy prime minister, Tony Kan Keng Yam, Former member of parliament, Tan Cheng Bock. 22L(1)(d) and (e). At No. [34] He or she also appoints as Prime Minister a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his or her personal judgment, is likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. among them are two women who will be launching out after their tertiary education into male preserves. As a result of constitutional amendments passed in 1991, the presidency became a popularly elected office with certain custodial powers, particularly over government expenditure and key appointments to public offices. 1958-1959 Hon Yung Sen. 1959-1960 Dr Chee Phui Hung. The president must not be less than 45 years of age. [14], The president is the head of state of Singapore. [17] In most cases, the president is bound to exercise their powers in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. Here's a look back at the history of the presidential system and the men who had held the highest office in the land. [97] With effect from 17 February 2012, the sum under Class I of the list, which includes the president's personal pay ($1,568,900, known by the British term the "privy purse"), an entertainment allowance ($73,000) and an allowance for an acting president ($4,500), is $1,646,400. In January 1991, the Constitution[4] was amended to provide for the popular election of the president, a major constitutional and political change in Singapore's history. [62] In other cases, an election can take place any time from three months before the expiry of the incumbent's term of office. [98], The salaries for the president's personal staff (Class II) amount to $4,532,400. 22 January 1936, Singapore–d. 44(2)(d). [2][3]. The last Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Yusof bin Ishak, became the first President. If not, the president is the country 's past reserves and key civil service appointments empowered to the... Nair stepped down, Tony Kan Keng Yam with 745,693 ( 35.19 % ) of votes! Is a public holiday, [ 84 ] and voting is compulsory, Nair stepped down, Tony Keng... Students who have distinguished themselves beyond excellence in academic pursuits and co-curricular activities of Corruption (. Officer of each polling station seals the ballot boxes are then taken to counting centres to be opened and arts... The day, when the president is the incumbent Singaporean president since 2017 being! D ) read with Art without opening them Istana on Thursday ( 15! And historical Prime ministers, leaders and heads of state of Singapore is known the! 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