Survivors of trafficking faced an increased risk of potential re-victimization due to financial and emotional hardships during the crisis. More than 175 countries have ratified or acceded to the UN TIP Protocol which defines trafficking in persons and contains obligations to prevent and combat the crime. Years of studies, data, and the direct knowledge of those with lived experience of human trafficking demonstrate that systemic racism undercuts the intended goals of prosecuting traffickers, protecting those victimized, and preventing human trafficking in significant ways. 333 in support of U.S. national interests in fighting terrorism, countering violent extremist organizations and illicit smuggling. Senegal Barbados The Government of Nigeria should continue to make progress in combating the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. Family members entrusted with caring for the children are often the ones grooming, manipulating, abusing, and exploiting them. U.S. security assistance supports a more stable, democratically-governed nation through improving the capacity and governance of core national-level security institutions, creating an environment conducive to economic opportunities, responding to urgent humanitarian needs, and addressing the root causes of conflict. Melissa Verlaque 333 to re-engage with and build the capacity of the Yemeni Armed Forces the military of the recognized government of Yemen in support of U.S. national interests in fighting terrorism, countering violent extremist organizations and illicit smuggling, and ensuring freedom of navigation through the Bab Al-Mandeb Strait. Governments, investors, researchers, and civil-society actors should explore how microfinance and other forms of social finance can support survivors. Shoichi Ibusuki has been an unrelenting champion of protecting foreign workers rights, and he has worked tirelessly for years on behalf of foreign technical trainees to assist victims of forced labor and prevent abuse within Japans Technical Intern Training Program. The following is a product of the Human Trafficking Expert Consultant Network (the Network) funded by the TIP Office. The report also noted that authorities did not pursue a prosecution if the victims were not willing to testify against an alleged trafficker, and a backlog in the courts, despite system reforms in 2019, leads to cases taking, on average, five-ten years to be resolved. Page 46: Getty/Greg Baker When the tables turned onto me, I already knew their opinions. Ensure that benefits include mental health care for all staff members, including any survivors that are hired. No tier ranking is permanent. Japan Toys, art supplies, and age-appropriate books are also provided. According to international organizations, the CPUs prevented the recruitment of 439 children in 2019. The author has a range of expertise related to human trafficking, familial trafficking, marginalized communities, trauma and resiliency, education, and survivor leadership. Anti-trafficking actors in all sectors should increase collaboration with the private sector to strengthen anti-trafficking efforts that encourage and support prevention of forced labor in supply chains, especially as companies aim to make up for pandemic-related production disruptions and widespread unemployment drives vulnerability. Since 2003, the primary reporting on the United States' anti-trafficking activities has been through the annual Attorney General's Report to Congress and Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to Combat Human Trafficking ("AG Report") mandated by section 105 of the TVPA ( 22 U.S.C. After receiving a tip from child rights activists, police conducted a raid to remove the children from the factory and arrest the trafficker. Business owners and landlords pressured individuals to take out loans in exchange for cheap labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Instead, Katherins boss forced her to stay in his home. The following excerpts highlight the reflections of some who have directly experienced the ways in which systemic racism intersects with human trafficking in the United States and provide insight and guidance on how best to move forward. In Xinjiang, the government is the trafficker. Spain The CSPA prohibits assistance to governments that are identified in the list under the following authorities: International Military Education and Training, Foreign Military Financing, Excess Defense Articles, and Peacekeeping Operations, with exceptions for some programs undertaken pursuant to the Peacekeeping Operations authority. As a result, APRAMP was able to remain active in reporting on sex trafficking trends, thus providing strategic information to other relevant stakeholders. OSCE Alliance against Trafficking in Persons: Decision No. While awareness of familial trafficking is increasing, more research is needed. The report noted that because of covid19, the High Court, which is where human trafficking cases are heard, held no jury trials, which are necessary for trafficking cases. The U.S. Department of State strives to advance around the world the security, prosperity, and values that U.S. citizens share. It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. If a government has penalized or punished a victim in such a way, the government should vacate the conviction and/or expunge the victims record. Ibusukis advocacy, along with his unwavering and admirable dedication to helping foreign nationals enduring labor exploitation and protecting their human rights, have brought these issues to the forefront and raised their profile within Japan and around the world. In 2019, the Afghan Ministry of Interior expanded child protection units (CPUs) to all 34 provinces, an increase from the 27 CPUs in 2018, to prevent the recruitment of children into the Afghan National Police. The government provided Aarav and the other victims support in the aftermath of the raid. Some countries automatically extended temporary and transitory visas for migrant workers, while others suspended fines for unauthorized stays or extended medical coverage to anyone awaiting a decision on their immigration status. In an article I wrote posted on Feb. 25, I detailed how there's been an unprecedented number of sex trafficking arrests since President Donald Trump was sworn into office, and the mainstream media has completely ignored this massive story.The initial wave of arrests did not involve high-profile persons or government officials. The numbers in parentheses are those of labor trafficking prosecutions, convictions, and victims identified. Significant work needs to be done to address this practice in South Sudan, and the U.S. government will continue to urge the government to take additional steps to prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of child soldiers. Namibia Innovative AML compliance solutions that use big data, advanced analytics, network analysis, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence to monitor transactions and identify and report suspicious transactions can assist governments and the private sector in identifying and combating human trafficking networks. Traffickers can use schemes that take victims hundreds of miles away from their homes, or exploit them in the same neighborhoods where they were born. The Philippine Department of Justice noted an increase of nearly 300 percent in referrals for potential online sex trafficking and OSEC cases from March to May 2020, the period during which the Philippines was under lockdown or quarantine measures. The OSCE/UN Women survey demonstrated the overall plight of survivors during the pandemic, noting that access to employment decreased by 85 percent, medical services by 73 percent, social services by 70 percent, legal assistance and access to food and water by 66 percent, psychological assistance by 64 percent, and access to safe accommodation by 63 percent. Macau According to UNODC, migrant workers whose plans were disrupted by COVID-19 travel restrictions, either to travel home or to the workplace, were likely to have already paid recruitment fees or travel costs, placing them at risk of debt bondage. Advocates and service providers must take all reports of human trafficking seriously, which means that increased reports based on false information make it more difficult for responders to provide support to victims of human trafficking. For many people, human trafficking evokes images of women and children being forcibly taken and sold into sexual slavery by strangers, or of people locked in rooms or vehicles far from home. 2020 - 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. The UN and the CJTF, with the support of the government, have since identified and formally separated over 1,700 children, including 894 in May 2019. That all changed when, after a few months, Joriz took a nude photo of Benilda and then forced her to pose naked in front of a webcam. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the global standard-setting body for anti-money laundering (AML), countering the financing of terrorism, and countering proliferation financing. I then started working in escorting services through a bar where I didnt know the rates charged, didnt handle the money, and had little to no control over refusing clients who were violent or wouldnt use condoms. It said that authorities continued investigating two dozen police officers alleged to be involved in human trafficking, but none of these investigations moved to prosecution. This report is submitted in accordance with section 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (22 U.S.C. Additionally, the military continued to rely on local communities to source labor and supplies, thereby perpetuating conditions enabling the forced labor of adults and children. 4. Conversations related to human trafficking typically held by community, tribal, and religious leaders were often cancelled or postponed. 333 will allow for U.S. government assistance to build the Somali militarys capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against al-Shabaab and, through cooperation, help reinforce U.S. values including those related to preventing and responding to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. During lockdown, traffickers in the Amazon in Brazil changed their patterns by sending child sex trafficking victims to the perpetrators private quarters or specific locations instead of the usual places where children were sold to perpetrators. "The 2022 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report covered government efforts undertaken during the reporting period from April 1, 2021, through March 31, 2022," the spokesperson said. Page 41: Getty/Munir Uz Zaman In response to the risks of carrying out in-person research activities in communities that are vulnerable to both COVID-19 and trafficking, Freedom Fund drew on multisectoral best practices and guidance to create criteria for determining whether in-person research during COVID-19 can be safely conducted, as well as health and safety procedures to ensuring safe interactions. We know recent events have led our country to grapple with unequal treatment and racism here at home that has reverberated around the world. From there, Joriz exploited Benilda in another form of sex trafficking by forcing her to engage in commercial sex acts at local hotels. Caitlin B. Heidenreich Service providers should examine how they can more meaningfully engage and collaborate with historically underserved populations to achieve inclusive and culturally responsive service delivery. The US Department of State released the report on July 19, 2022, at the behest of its Bureau for Civilian Security, Democracy and Human Rights Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. These spaces, which can be a separate room or even just a corner of a regular interview room, are typically located in existing structures such as police stations or hospitals and are administered by the government or an NGO. J. Brett Hernandez The Government of Nigeria is taking continuing and effective steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Maldives As a government and society, we strive to correct past wrongs and advance racial equity in the United States and abroad. As part of this effort, the United States government will continue working to encourage the GOI to monitor progress and take additional actions to prevent the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers, and to identify, demobilize, rehabilitate, and reintegrate children serving in militias associated with the PMF. Therefore governments, including the United States, must foster an inclusive environment that allows for a thriving, diverse workforce at alllevels. A Growing Number of People Experiencing Economic and Social Vulnerabilities. These goals are directly aligned with the National Security Strategy, Africa Strategy, Africa Bureau, and Mission Nigeria goals for security assistance. Countries whose governments do not fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards, and for which: Countries whose governments do not fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so. An outstanding and passionate activist, she has led APRAMP to be a pioneer in the implementation of strategies aimed at improving coordination between the judiciary, state security forces, and the national government, which has resulted in an effective blow against criminal organizations responsible for sex trafficking in Spain. The Department of State assesses that the social and economic disruption caused by the conflict are the primary drivers for the ongoing unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers in Yemen by all parties to the conflict. Whether the parent or guardian is the trafficker or sells the child who is then placed in the care of another trafficker, the trafficker is both that childs exploiter and caregiver. Mark P. Lagon is president of Freedom House and a former U.S. ambassador at large for human trafficking from 2007 to 2009. A safe space affords children privacy so they can talk about their experiences more freely. as featured by Yvette Young, BreeAna Johnson, Christopher Bidorini, and Erin Williamson, There are many jurisdictions that are predominantly White yet the most being exploited, arrested and children taken into custody are women of color. The Department places each country in this Report onto one of four tiers, as mandated by the TVPA. These harmful practices include redlining, lending discrimination, unequal distribution of government subsidies and services, restricted entry into white collar or higher paying jobs, and intentional exclusions of certain professions from worker protections. These individuals include NGO workers, lawmakers, government officials, survivors of human trafficking, and concerned citizens. Her office oversees the three shelters and partners with the inter-secretarial human trafficking commission, civil society organizations, among others to keep them running and provide services to the residents. Jason Martin The U.S. government will continue to engage with the Libyan government to urge militias to cease the unlawful recruitment of children and to make proper referrals for such children. Lucia Gallegos COVID-19 generated conditions that increased the number of people who experienced vulnerabilities to human trafficking and interrupted existing and planned anti-trafficking interventions. 11. Organizations can set themselves up for success in a manner that is adaptivenot stagnantto meet the evolving challenges of anti-trafficking efforts by mindfully weaving together survivor-leadership and trauma-informed approaches for the collective good of all who engage in anti-trafficking spaces. Many victims struggle with a long list of criminal offenses that follow them for the rest of their lives., Lyresh Magee, Guatemala For the purpose of the CSPA, and generally consistent with the provisions of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, the term child soldier means: i. any person under 18 years of age who takes a direct part in hostilities as a member of governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; ii. Austria To address these gaps, the 2017 Human Trafficking Leadership Academy fellows, organized by the Department of Health and Human Services National Human Trafficking Training and Technical Assistance Center (NHTTAC), defined a survivor-informed practice as the meaningful input from a diverse community of survivors at all stages of a program or project, including development, implementation and evaluation.. the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. In December 2019, Iraq presented a proposal to prepare a comprehensive plan to reduce unlawful child recruitment operations in armed and terrorist conflicts to an intragovernmental committee headed by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. The need to incorporate anti-trafficking efforts into existing responses in other contexts, such as in humanitarian settings. A service provider in Colombia ensured that all trafficking victims they served had access to the internet and a smartphone to receive online counseling services and mobile vouchers for food and hygienic products. To support survivors in rebuilding their lives and preventing further exploitation, the financial sector can offer account qualification exception programs and low-to-no fee second chance accounts. The PRC initially denied all allegations, dismissing them as international interference in its domestic affairs. Between 2015 and 2020, the number of states reporting to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program's Human Trafficking (UCR-HT) data collection has increased from 37 to 47. Timothy Gehring Communicate updates on the progression of these changes. Barry L. Paschal, Public Affairs Officer: 912-652-4422 Updated November 23, 2021 Topics Asset Forfeiture Human Trafficking Immigration Human Smuggling Labor & Employment Violent Crime Component Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) USAO - Florida, Middle USAO - Georgia, Middle USAO - Georgia, Northern USAO - Georgia, Southern USAO - Texas, Southern In June 2019, the Minister of Justice and Judiciary launched Somalias version of a UN advocacy and action campaign called ACT to Protect, aimed at protecting children affected by armed conflict, and the CPU established a Children Affected by Armed Conflict working group. The reality is that abuse, pain, torture, and exploitation is the only existence these survivors may have known. Traffickers, in turn, factor these racial biases and stereotypes into schemes and strategies aimed at reducing their own risk of getting caught while increasing the risk of law enforcement improperly penalizing victims. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Instead of an internship, the school required the Chilean students to work 40 hours per week in a meat processing plant to pay off a debt for the academic programthat they had been told would be tuition-freeand pay for food and housing out of their wages. Similar family separation policies were used to weaken or destroy indigenous families and communities, including forcibly removing Native children from their families and tribes to send them to boarding schools with the intention of forcing them to assimilate and no longer identify with their culture. The government of the country should prohibit severe forms of trafficking in persons and punish acts of such trafficking. In addition, SAMHSAs Six Key Principles of a Trauma-Informed Approach refers to the necessity of creating and protecting psychological and physical safety within the organization, fostering trust through transparency, providing peer support, and leveling power differences through collaboration, empowerment, and cultural humility. By publishing it, with the authors consent, the Department seeks to shine a light on a population particularly vulnerable to human trafficking that is often misunderstood and overlooked. When traffickers use debts as a means to compel labor or commercial sex, they have committed a crime. Anti-trafficking actors experienced an all-around decrease in resources and operations. These stereotypes may affect, for example, which communities law enforcement target for anti-trafficking operations, which victim witnesses the criminal justice system deems credible, and which individuals process their experiences as exploitation and seek help. Individuals in underserved communities faced barriers to accessing healthcare, while foreigners were stigmatized as carriers and spreaders of the virus, placing them at higher risk for exploitation and violence. For instance, advocates, survivors, and other experts have found that ingrained racial biases and stereotypes, which were created as a way to dehumanize certain racial communities to justify their exploitation and exclusion, hinder progress in anti-trafficking efforts because they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is a trafficker and who should have access to victim protection and services. The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. The importance of proactive response and crisis mitigation planning to anti-trafficking activities. We traveled a lot; we were always on the road between cities, between states, and wherever we were told to go. Traffickers capitalized on the reduced capacity and shifting priorities of law enforcement resulting in greater anonymity and impunity to pursue their crimes. There were no other reports of child soldier use in 2019. To extract this work, governments coerce by threatening the withdrawal of public benefits, withholding salaries, failing to adhere to limits on national service, manipulating the lack of legal status of stateless individuals and other minority groups, threatening to punish family members, or conditioning services or freedom of movement on labor or sex. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the Government of National Accord (GNA) in Libya and has certified the GNA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the issue of child soldiers. Most striking, al-Obaidly empowers his team and takes every opportunity for them to engage and share information with the public, including vulnerable communities, slowly building a passion for labor reforms within the Ministry. Guardian Media Newsroom. Every country, including the United States, can do more. It was the winter after my 19th year; my mother was informed that I was seeing a boy. Zambia This normalization of exploitation may also occur when the familial trafficking is tied to economic and cultural factors, such as in some cases of forced child labor in agriculture. Coercion in the case of sex trafficking includes the broad array of nonviolent means included in the forced labor definition. Survivors report having seen stories based on false information and feeling re-exploited because the trauma they faced is now being questioned or used for nefarious, and sometimes political, purposes. The U.S. governments current security assistance goals with Nigeria are to: 1) increase the professionalism of the Nigerian armed forces, including respect for human rights and mitigating civilian harm; 2) reduce the threats violent extremist organizations pose to Nigeria and the Lake Chad region; and 3) increase security in the Gulf of Guinea. Italy According to the joint survey by OSCE and UN Women, only 24 percent of the 385 anti-trafficking organizations that responded to the survey could remain fully operational during the pandemic. Some of us were there to pay off the debts owed to the bar owner. Most importantly, age- and culturally appropriate comprehensive programs need to be developed with consideration of each unique survivor in mind. This included individuals who reshared CSEM content in hopes of helping the victim and raising awareness, but inadvertently contributed to reporting spikes leaving less time and resources to pursue every incident. As of April 5, DoD section 333 funding was obligated for the following activities: training and equipment. Emily A. Korenak Angola Outlined below is a description of what it means to be both trauma- and survivor-informed, as well as recommendations on integrating both approaches as one, comprehensive effort. In the resulting absence of adequate anti-trafficking responses around the world, victims went unidentified, survivors were underserved, and traffickers were not held accountable. In the long term, private-sector collaboration should aim to improve the ability of companies to withstand shocks from crises that could leave portions of their workforce vulnerable to trafficking. Authorities continued to implement these policies in other provinces, targeted other religious minorities under their auspices, and sought the coerced repatriation and internment of religious and ethnic minorities living abroad through the use of surveillance, harassment and threats against them and their family members, and extradition requests. Vivian Ekey The Department of State prepared this Report using information from U.S. embassies, government officials, nongovernmental and international organizations, published reports, news articles, academic studies, consultations with authorities and organizations in every region of the world, and information submitted to tipreport@state.gov. Sinking demand also led major global retailers to cancel orders and, in many cases, refuse to pay for products their supplier factories had already produced. Finally, all services provided in the space should be trauma-informed, age-appropriate, and culturally and linguistically sensitive. Cameroon Law enforcement officers eventually identified Benilda, and social workers assisted her in getting the help she needed. While U.S. efforts to combat human trafficking have grown in magnitude and sophistication over the years, the United States still struggles with how to address the disparate effects of human trafficking on racial minority communities. Some perpetrators use these types of conditions as part of their coercive schemes to compel the labor of domestic workers with little risk of detection. Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1. While COVID-19 restrictions have slowed the investigation, two soldiers have been charged and are in prison awaiting trial, while the local prosecutor is pursuing charges against another eight soldiers. These delays decreased victims access to justice and legal assistance, which hampered victims emotional well-being, recovery, and repatriation, while allowing traffickers to continue their criminal activities and intimidate victims from pressing charges. Survivors also supported broader community responses to COVID-19. In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a government policy or pattern of human trafficking, human trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers. 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. In 2015, the U.S. The request describes the annual reporting requirements for human trafficking and child soldiering for the report, which includes a detailed questionnaire where host governments can provide input. Description and Amount of Assistance Provided Pursuant to a Waiver. After arriving in the United States, Vicente and several other Chilean students learned their program had been changed from a two-year program to a one-year program in food services. 2370c-2(c) and (d)) (CSPA). Iran Shehas traveled throughout Europe, mentoring and training others and becoming a leading spokesperson for anti-trafficking initiatives in Europe. In November 2018, President Biya announced the creation of a National Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) Committee. 12. 8. The Jordanian police counter-trafficking unit worked with UNODC to implement a coordinated COVID-19 mitigation plan to protect first responders by procuring sanitation materials, protective equipment, medical kits, and COVID-19 testing units. They were routinely moved around and often unsure of where they were located. Rebecca Morgan Supporting the Reintegration of Trafficked Persons: A Guidebook for the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: https://cbss.org/our-work/safe-secure-region/anti-trafficking/, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings Strategic Plan 2020-2025, Human Trafficking 2020 Baltic Sea Round-up Report, Guidelines for journalists reporting on cases of human trafficking: Media and Trafficking in Human Beings (2019), Task Force Against Trafficking in Human Beings, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/trafficking/, Reports: https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, 9th General Report on GRETAs Activities (2019), https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, Guidance Note on the entitlement of victims of trafficking, and persons at risk of being trafficked, to international protection, Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), ECOWAS Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001), Joint ECOWAS/ECCAS Regional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2008), http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/index.action, Third report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2020) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/content/images/Human-Trafficking-2018.pdf, Arab Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2010, Comprehensive Arab Strategy for Combating, Trafficking in Human Beings (CASCTHB), Council of Arab Ministers of Justice Resolution 15/2/2012, http://www.oas.org/dsp/english/cpo_trata_dia_mundial.asp, Second Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemi-sphere 2015-2018 (extended to 2020), Hemispheric Efforts against Trafficking in Persons Declaration of Mexico (2018), Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach (AG/RES. 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